Milk thistle (silymarin) is a flowering herb related to the daisy and ragweed family. Milk thistle has not been implicated in causing liver injury and is still used widely as a liver tonic in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. What. Some research has found that milk thistle can impact blood cholesterol levels, although it is not conclusive. Dietary supplements are not regulated like drugs in the United States, meaning the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve them for safety and effectiveness before products are marketed. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. Milk thistle (PDQ) health professional version. Copyright 2011 - 2023 IncNut Stylecraze Private Limited. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Current studies on milk thistle use a wide range of doses. Can Apoaequorin Really Improve Your Memory? Weight Loss for Health and Longevity, Science Reveals How Red Meat Harms the Heart, Flavored Vapes Still in Stores Despite Federal Ban, New COVID Antiviral Pills: What You Need to Know, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Cancer Risk, WebMD Loses Cherished Leader Kristy Hammam, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. A 2015 study in worms found that milk thistle increased resistance to oxidative stress. Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Fitness vs. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This may help ease symptoms from liver . Taking it along with estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness. Merlin Annie Raj, RD (Registered Dietitian), Merlin Annie Raj is a Registered Dietitian based out of Hyderabad, India. Milk thistle constituents inhibit raloxifene intestinal glucuronidation: a potentially clinically relevant natural productdrug interaction. Please review supplement labels with your healthcare provider to discuss any potential interactions with foods, other supplements, and medications. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Calm an upset stomach. Take this product by mouth as directed. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. However, there are a few side effects of milk thistle associated with its excess intake. 2016;2016:5147468. doi:10.1155/2016/5147468. Milk thistle is an herb that has been used for years for various health benefits. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. In: StatPearls. Milk thistle may interfere with the following medications, because both milk thistle and these medications are broken down by the same liver enzymes: Reviewed By: Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Some of the studies have been of poor quality, too. Liquid forms of this product may contain sugar and/or alcohol. We know little about whether milk thistle is effective in people, as only a few well-designed clinical studies have been conducted. In these cases, very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day) of silybin were taken, which is much higher than is typically recommended. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. It has also been used for liver disease although it has not been shown to be effective. The active ingredient in milk thistle is called silymarin. An older study found that milk thistle extract had a positive effect on immune response in humans. Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this product: conditions that are affected by estrogen (such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cancer of the breast/uterus/ovary). Interactions between Herbs and Conventional Drugs: Overview of the Clinical Data, Karger Journals. Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Soy Protein Vs. Whey Protein: Pros And Con Soy Protein Vs. Whey Protein: Pros And Cons + Which Is Better. 2018;9:1903. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01903. The extract of the seeds of milk thistle contains a number of substances, collectively called silymarin. The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Learn more about the other negative effects of this herb and what research says about them. A double-blind controlled study. Tajmohammadi A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Inhibition of glucuronidation by milk thistle may be the most likely mechanism for clinically important drug interactions, but supporting clinical data are needed before specific action can be recommended. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. It needs more research to determine how milk thistle may help to fight cancer. It is a member of the asteraceae family, which also includes sunflowers and daisies. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. Some of these drugs may include Mevacor, Lescol, Zocor, Pravachol, and Baycol. In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Although rare, milk thistle may trigger a number of common and mild side effects. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. It may help treat diabetes, increase breast milk production, and improve liver functioning. Milk thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Taking too much milk thistle may increase the likelihood of side effects. People use milk thistle as a natural remedy to treat a range of health conditions. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Milk thistle is thought to be safe for most people, but precautions should be taken as side effects are possible. These combination supplements may list health claims on the label. Milk thistle is a traditional Chinese medicine extract derived from the mature fruit of Silybum marianum. Some people claim it can help to treat: cirrhosis. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a flowering herb native to Europe but also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Olive Oil Vs. Milk Thistle. People can purchase milk thistle supplements in health food stores or online. Clinical practice shows that milk thistle has a good anti-liver injury effect and can be used to prevent anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. When choosing a new supplement, it is vital that you carefully read the label's ingredient list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. A.D.A.M. Does Milk Thistle Capsule interact with other medications? Scientists think this creates a detoxifying effect, which is why milk thistle may be beneficial for liver problems. 2020;37(4):1279-1301. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01251-y. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. All rights reserved. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Some, but not all, milk thistle supplements are vegan. Kazazis CE, Evangelopoulos AA, Kollas A, Vallianou NG. We avoid using tertiary references. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product. Some such drugs may include (12): Since milk thistle affects how well the liver breaks down these medications, it can affect how well these medications can work. Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. However, the evidence is conflicting. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist. Talk with your healthcare provider before starting milk thistle to make sure it is the right supplement for you. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first. Duplication is encouraged. The common name, milk thistle, is derived from the "milky white" veins on the leaves, which, when broken open, yield a milky sap. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease. Common Names:milk thistle, Mary thistle, holy thistle, Latin Names:Silybum marianum, synonym Carduus marianus. Milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, indigestion, and other conditions. Possibly. Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. However, if you develop an allergic reaction after taking milk thistle, stop use and consult your doctor. You might also get the herb at your nearest supermarket/pharmacy. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved milk thistle for the treatment of cancer. Milk thistle. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Side effects are always possible when taking supplements. jaundice. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. In some studies, silibinin, an active component of milk thistle, has been shown to have estrogen-like effects. Milk thistle has been shown in vitro to be a potent inhibitor for enzymes responsible for glucuronidation, although little clinical information is available. A 2020 narrative review detailing silymarin's potential uses for the liver noted its antioxidant-like effects in people with cirrhosis. Steep milk thistle tea bags or loose-leaf milk thistle tea in hot water. 2015;22(2):290-296. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.010. Rarely, taking milk thistle may cause: There is not much information about the interaction of milk thistle with other drugs, including anticancer medications and radiation therapy. Natural Medicines website. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. Eur Endocrinol. It's commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver and gallbladder health. StyleCraze provides content of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) is a flowering herb native to Europe but also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. But are there any proven health benefits of it? Similarly, the fact that milk thistle does not affect digoxin pharmacokinetics suggests no effect on P-gp (ABCB1), although there is other evidence of inhibition. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Ebrahimpour, K.; Gargari, B.; Mobasseri, M. et al. increased sweating. Am J Gastroenterol. A 2013 study found that milk thistle helped to prevent bone loss. Its not known whether milk thistle is helpful for other conditions. Can you drink alcohol while taking milk thistle? Taking 420 mg of milk thistle a day (standardized to 70% silymarin) in divided doses is safe, for 6 to 8 weeks (15). Studies of milk thistle coadministered with various drugs in humans suggest it is unlikely to affect the most common cytochrome, the P450 (CYP450) isozyme. As with any natural remedy, people should discuss using milk thistle with a doctor before taking it. 2020;34(6):1446-1454. doi:10.1002/ptr.6620. Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Silybum (milk thistle) is a genus of two species of thistles in the family Asteraceae. Substances in milk thistle may reduce blood sugar. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely. Phytother Res. Content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser. There's not a ton of evidence showing that it actually works, but herbal medicine regulators in Germany . 10 Remedies For Dull Skin, Signs, Causes, And Prevention, 30 Effective Home Remedies To Get Wrinkle-Free Skin, Skin Elasticity: What Is It And 10 Ways To Improve It, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11896/, https://nccih.nih.gov/health/milkthistle/ataglance.htm, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541075/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538855/, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.01356/full, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164972/, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735407301942, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4116427/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25396404, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/silybum-marianum, https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/334488, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65780/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586829/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000830/, 6 Health Benefits Of Wheat Germ & How To Include In Your Diet, Honey And Cinnamon: Health Benefits And Nutritional Value, 33 Wonderful Benefits Of Banana For Skin, Hair, And Health, Top 4 Health Benefits Of White Beans You Must Know, Sourdough Bread Benefits, Nutrition Profile, & Side Effects, 10 Research Backed Health Benefits Of Grape Juice + Nutritional Value, 7 Benefits Of Dry Dates For Health & Their Nutritional Value. He has written over 300 articles about ingredients and their benefits for the skin, hair, and health. Further, while liver-related mortality was significantly reduced by milk thistle, this was not seen in any of the high-quality trials. Consult your healthcare provider if this applies to you. Articles on StyleCraze are backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a flowering plant that comes from the same family as the daisy. Is there also a role for herbs and supplements? There are no guidelines regarding a standard dose of milk thistle. Doctors mainly use the plant to treat liver problems, but some people claim it can lower cholesterol and help manage type 2 diabetes. A 2012 study found that silymarin helped to protect against inflammation in the airways of mice with allergic asthma. Eighteen clinical trials of 1,088 participants were assessed. What Are the Side Effects of Milk Thistle? 2011;17(18):2288-2301. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2288. Mothers who used milk thistle to boost their milk production reported unwanted weight gain along with irritability and nausea (16). Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Available for Android and iOS devices. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances. Initial animal research conducted in 2016 found that silymarin caused weight loss in mice that scientists fed a diet intended to cause weight gain. The study looked specifically at bone loss caused by a deficiency in estrogen among rats that had their ovaries removed. The milk may have fallen on the leaves, leaving white marks. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. A double-blind controlled study. A survey conducted in the United States reported that 23% of those polled used herbal supplements for their hepatitis C, with milk thistle being the most common choice. Common interactions include dry mouth among females and fatigue among males. Small Business Research Grant Program (SBIR), About Research Training and Career Development, Training Grant Application, Review, and Award Process, Integrative Medicine Research Lecture Series, Division of Extramural Research Sponsored by NCCIH, Division of Intramural Research Conducted at NCCIH, Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact, Know the Science: 9 Questions To Help You Make Sense of Health Research, How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed, Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know. nausea, loss of appetite. Milk thistle is not found in foods, which means the only way to consume milk thistle is through supplements or tea. Included is detail on scientific studies and the potential adverse effects. Milk thistle may interfere with the following medications, because both milk thistle and these medications are broken down by the same liver enzymes: Allergy drugs -- such as fexofenadine (Allegra) Drugs for high cholesterol -- such as lovastatin (Mevacor, Altocor) Also known as Mary thistle or holy thistle, milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people use it to make natural remedies. Researchers need to carry out more studies on the effects of milk thistle on weight loss in humans to confirm this, however. Milk thistle is a herbal product widely used in the United States and around the world. Nanjan MJ, Betz J. Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies. Voroneanu L, Nistor I, Dumea R, Apetrii M, Covic A. Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. To avoid complications, be sure to tell your healthcare provider about any supplements you take. It also seems to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Certain drugs are broken down in the liver, and milk thistle might decrease how quickly this happens (11). Consult your doctor for more information if you have either of these serious conditions.Some herbal/dietary supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. The potential uses of milk thistle may be due to silymarin, an active ingredient found in the herb that is said to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Frye RF, Zhu HJ, et al. Fried, M.; Navarro, V.; Afdhal, N. et al. Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, et al. Little is known about whether its safe to use milk thistle during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. [Database subscription]. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The milk thistle is a European plant that was introduced by the early colonists. Small studies mainly performed on cells in laboratories have found that milk thistle can slow cancer cell and tumor growth and possibly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, many of these potential benefits are not backed by science. (2021). Finally, those with hormone-sensitive conditions, including certain cancers, may need to avoid using milk thistle. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural ProductDrug Interaction, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Seeff LB, Curto TM, Szabo G, et al. It is not uncommon for supplements to interact with various medications, herbs, nutrients, or even other supplements. Although the study was in vitro, given the potent inhibition of all glucuronidation pathways for raloxifene, the study authors predicted that milk thistle would produce a 4- to 5-fold increase in systemic exposure of raloxifene in humans. Check out our. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. Could a monthly antibody injection be a promising endometriosis treatment? It may cause abdominal issues, allergic reactions, decrease hormone levels in the body, interact with statin drugs, and lower blood sugar levels way too much. Milk thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. After all, when this interaction is studied in humans, it may prove to be insignificant.

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